Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies
Advances in Applied NanoBioTechnologies (AANBT) is an international, peer-reviewed, and open-access journal established in 2015 under the support of Dorma Trading Est, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The journal provides a scientific platform for researchers working at the intersection of nanotechnology and biological sciences, with a particular focus on nanobiomaterials and their applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and environmental fields. AANBT publishes original research papers, review articles, and technical studies covering a broad spectrum of topics, including nanostructures, nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanocomposites, nanosensors, nanoplasmonics, molecular engineering, nanomechanics, and nanoelectromechanical systems. The journal encourages innovative studies that explore nanostructure synthesis, characterization, and manipulation, as well as their role in drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering. In 2024, AANBT entered a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University to strengthen its international collaboration and academic visibility. During this partnership, the journal cooperated with Knowledge E to enhance accessibility and global outreach. After the successful completion of the collaboration, AANBT returned to Dorma Trading Est, continuing its mission independently with a renewed focus on quality and transparency. All manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process conducted by an international editorial board and expert reviewers from various countries. The journal maintains high ethical and scientific standards and is committed to disseminating knowledge freely to the global research community. AANBT’s vision is to advance the frontiers of nanobiotechnology by fostering interdisciplinary research and promoting practical applications that bridge nanoscience and life sciences. With its open-access policy and commitment to scientific excellence, the journal aims to serve as a trusted global platform for innovation at the nanoscale.
A Review of ResNet Neural Networks for Brain Tumor Detection Using MRI Images
Accurate and early diagnosis of brain tumors plays a vital role in improving patient survival and guiding effective treatment strategies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the gold standard for brain tumor detection due to its superior soft-tissue contrast and non-invasive nature. However, the interpretation of MRI scans remains a complex and time-consuming task that relies heavily on expert radiologists, often leading to subjectivity and inter-observer variability. In response to these challenges, artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular deep learning methods, have shown remarkable promise in automating and enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Among deep learning models, Residual Neural Networks (ResNet) have gained prominence for their ability to overcome the vanishing gradient problem and to train very deep architectures effectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the performance of various ResNet models — ResNet18, ResNet34, ResNet50, and their modified variants — in detecting brain tumors from MRI images. Drawing upon findings from fourteen recent peer-reviewed studies, we explore the use of ResNet in tumor classification, segmentation, and localization tasks, with reported accuracies reaching as high as 98.52%. Additionally, the integration of explainable AI techniques, especially Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), provides interpretability to the deep models, enabling clinicians to visualize the regions of interest that influenced the model’s predictions. Overall, this review highlights the significant role of ResNet-based architectures in advancing automated brain tumor diagnosis and presents a critical perspective on current challenges and future research opportunities. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of ResNet applications in medical imaging, including dataset imbalance, domain shift, and reproducibility issues, and outline directions for future research.
brain tumor detection, magnetic resonance imaging, ResNet, deep learning, interpretability
Copyright (c) 2026 Advances in Applied Nano-Bio Technologies
Scaffold Driven Oral Bone Regeneration: A Histopathological Assessment
Bone defects arising from trauma, disease, or surgical resection pose considerable challenges in clinical practice, thereby requiring the development of effective regenerative strategies. This review comprehensively analyzes the histopathological outcomes of scaffold-guided bone regeneration for addressing challenging bone defects. We evaluate the properties of key scaffold materials, including natural and synthetic polymers, ceramics, and composites, focusing on their biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and degradation kinetics. By findings from recent studies employing advanced histological techniques, we elucidate the interplay between scaffold design (including architecture, porosity, and surface functionalization) and key histopathological indicators: osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and the immune response. Our analysis confirms that tailored scaffold design is paramount for promoting osteogenesis and vascularization while modulating inflammation. Finally, we critically address persistent translational challenges, such as long-term biodegradation stability and the foreign body response, to chart a course for future research aimed at bridging the gap between experimental models and clinical application in regenerative medicine.
scaffold, histopathology, bone, tissue engineering, regeneration
Carbon Based Nanomaterials in Oral and Dental Health
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged as innovative tools in oncology, offering transformative potential for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring. This review explores recent advancements in the application of CNMs, including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and fullerenes, in targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy (PTT), and multimodal imaging. Their high surface area, tunable functionalization, and biocompatibility enhance drug solubility and reduce systemic toxicity compared to conventional therapies. For example, CNM- based platforms have been shown to efficiently deliver chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, and immune modulators to tumor sites, while synergizing with PTT to ablate resistant cancer cells. Additionally, CNMs’ optical and magnetic properties enable real-time imaging and theranostic integration, improving treatment precision. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, scalable synthesis, and regulatory hurdles remain barriers to clinical translation. This article critically evaluates recent in vitro and in vivo research, highlighting mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles of CNMs. By addressing current limitations and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, CNM-based therapies may redefine precision oncology, offering safer and more effective alternatives to traditional cancer interventions.
carbon nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, colorectal cancer, immunotherapy
Smart Nanomaterials for Targeted Therapy and Regenerative Biomedicine
Smart nanomaterials represent a transformative class of technologies in modern oral healthcare, capable of responding dynamically to environmental cues such as pH shifts, microbial activity, and enzymatic signals. These materials enable precise, site- specific therapies, offering enhanced prevention and treatment options for a range of dental conditions. Applications span from intelligent coatings for dental implants and anti-biofilm agents to remineralizing agents for enamel repair and platforms for targeted drug delivery. Recent innovations include nano-structured scaffolds for tissue regeneration, photodynamic nanoparticles for oral cancer therapy, and nano- formulations for extended pain control. Despite regulatory and scalability challenges, smart nanomaterials hold immense potential for personalized, minimally invasive, and highly effective oral treatments.
artificial intelligence, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, nano-manufacturing, biotechnology, targeted therapy
Emerging Nanotechnological Strategies in Salivary and Blood Biomarker Detection for Oral Cancer
Oral cancer, a leading cause of global mortality, is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods, resulting in poor survival rates. Nanobiotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach to address this challenge by enabling highly sensitive, minimally invasive, and rapid detection of cancer-associated biomarkers in early malignancies. Utilizing engineered nanostructures such as quantum dots, nanosensors, and functionalized particles, this technology allows precise identification of biomarkers CD44 (Cluster of Differentiation 44), IL6 (Interleukin-6), and ctDNA (Circulating Tumor DNA) in saliva or blood at extremely low concentrations. Innovations, including portable point-of-care (POC) devices, nanomaterial-enhanced imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems, streamline screening, offering real-time results while reducing dependence on invasive biopsies. Despite its promise, challenges such as material biocompatibility, regulatory approval, and scalability in low-resource settings remain significant. Future directions emphasize the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive diagnostics, the development of multiplexed biomarker panels for greater accuracy, and the creation of theranostic platforms that combine detection with targeted therapy. By uniting accuracy, speed, and accessibility, nanobiotechnology has the potential to transform oral cancer management, shifting care from late-stage treatment toward proactive early intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes worldwide.
nanobiotechnology, oral cancer detection, nanoparticle probes, nanosensors, biomarkers
Biohybrid Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Current Trends and Future Prospects
The integration of biohybrid nanomaterials into dentistry represents a transformative approach to oral healthcare, offering tissue-mimetic solutions for oral healthcare. These advanced materials, including hydroxyapatite-based nanoparticles, bioactive glass, nanocellulose, peptide-based systems, and carbon-based nanomaterials, enable targeted therapies for enamel remineralization, dentin regeneration, antimicrobial action, and mechanical reinforcement of dental restorations. By leveraging their unique properties, such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, and stimuli-responsiveness, biohybrid nanomaterials address limitations of traditional dental materials, such as poor durability and lack of regenerative capabilities. This review highlights current applications in preventive and therapeutic dentistry, explores challenges related to scalability and safety, and discusses prospects for personalized and sustainable dental care.
nanomaterials, artificial intelligence, nano-manufacturing, biotechnology, tissue engineering
New Methods of Preparing Calcium Nanomaterials as a Keystone in Biotechnology
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with nanomaterials science is transforming the design and development of calcium-based nanomaterials. These nanostructures —primarily composed of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide —hold vast potential in biomedical engineering, targeted cancer therapy, environmental remediation, and biomimetic self-assembly. Recent advances in AI, including generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), as well as reinforcement learning and explainable machine learning, now enable the predictive design and data-driven optimization of nanomaterials with high precision. This review presents a structured overview of AI-enabled inverse design, synthesis pathway optimization, property prediction, and molecular simulation in the context of calcium nanomaterials. It also highlights real-world applications where AI-enhanced materials exhibit improved bioactivity, compatibility, and multifunctionality. Despite rapid progress, challenges remain in data standardization, model generalizability, and integration with experimental validation. Continued development of closed-loop AI-experimental systems and scalable design strategies will be key to realizing the full potential of intelligent calcium nanomaterials in advanced healthcare and environmental technologies.
Aluminum Nanoparticles, a New Approach in Sustainable Chemistry and Usage in Medicine
Recent advancements in material science have leveraged artificial intelligence (AI) to significantly enhance the design and synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs), enabling sub-nanometer control over structural and functional properties. By integrating machine learning (ML) algorithms with computational modeling, researchers have optimized nanoparticle size, morphology, and surface characteristics to support applications such as energy storage, catalytic reactions, and lightweight composites. AI-driven methods such as active learning and generative design streamline the discovery of novel synthesis routes, reducing trial-and-error and enabling scalable production. These nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrate a 15–30% increase in thermal stability, up to 2× enhancement in surface reactivity, and improved energy density compared to conventional counterparts, making them essential for sustainable technologies, aerospace engineering, and next-generation batteries. This innovation underscores the synergy between AI and nanotechnology, enabling rapid, cost-effective development of advanced materials with tailored functionalities.
artificial intelligence, nanomaterials, aluminum nanoparticles, AI-designed nanoparticles, machine learning
Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Imaging: A Review of Deep Learning Techniques and Clinical Applications
Thyroid diseases, encompassing both benign nodules and differentiated thyroid cancers, are highly prevalent worldwide and necessitate accurate diagnostic imaging for effective management and treatment. The traditional interpretation of medical images, however, remains subjective and is heavily reliant on the expertise of clinicians, which can lead to variability in diagnostic outcomes and treatment decisions. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) techniques have shown considerable promise in addressing these limitations. This review aims to summarize the application of DL in thyroid disease diagnosis across multiple imaging modalities, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT). We focus on five recent studies that utilized state-of-the-art DL architectures, such as residual networks (ResNet), Xception-based multi-channel models, and ensemble learning approaches, which have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in image classification and disease characterization. These DL models were evaluated based on diagnostic accuracy, clinical integration, interpretability, and real-world performance, with a direct comparison to radiologists and fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Across all imaging modalities, DL models consistently demonstrated robust performance, frequently matching or exceeding the diagnostic accuracy of experienced clinicians. For instance, diagnostic accuracies up to 98.9% were achieved in ultrasound- and CT-based multi-channel models, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) surpassing 0.93 in several studies. Additionally, prospective validation and the incorporation of clinical risk factors, such as patient demographics and prior medical history, further enhanced the reliability and clinical relevance of these models. Deep learning has demonstrated significant promise in enhancing thyroid imaging diagnostics by providing quicker, more standardized, and possibly noninvasive substitutes for conventional diagnostic techniques. Despite challenges related to generalizability and model interpretability, the integration of AI into thyroid imaging holds significant promise for improving diagnostic precision and enhancing the efficiency of endocrine care. As these technologies continue to evolve, they may lead to a paradigm shift in the way thyroid disorders are diagnosed and managed, moving toward a more accurate, reproducible, and patient-centered approach.
artificial intelligence, deep learning, thyroid cancer, SPECT imaging, ultrasound, convolutional neural networks
Screening and Correction of Visual Disorders in School Settings: An Epidemiological Study in Primary Schools of Figuig in Eastern Morocco
Refractive errors are a major cause of visual impairment in children, affecting their academic performance and quality of life. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of refractive errors among primary school children in Figuig, Morocco, through a school-based screening program conducted on December 6 and 7, 2024. A total of 1,350 students aged 5 to 14 years were screened using visual acuity tests, non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction with auto refractometers, and trial lenses for final correction assessment. The results revealed that 176 children (13.0%) had refractive errors, with astigmatism (54.0%) being the most prevalent, followed by myopia (26.7%), hyperopia (16.5%), and anisometropia (2.8%). Myopia prevalence increased significantly with age, whereas hyperopia was more common in younger children. A slight female predominance (52.3%) was observed. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic school-based vision screening programs to ensure early detection and correction of refractive errors, particularly in underserved areas, to prevent long-term visual impairment and improve children’s academic and developmental outcomes.
refractive errors, school-based screening, visual impairment, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, epidemiology, Morocco
Applications of Nanoparticles in Endodontics as an Antibacterial Agent: A Mini-review
In root canal treatment, removing persistent bacterial biofilm is challenging. Currently, with nanoparticles (NPs) that have antimicrobial activity, we can address this issue. These particles can eliminate the microbes through these actions, including destroying the bacterial wall, increasing cell membrane permeability, stimulating the production of ROS, and avoiding deoxyribonucleic acid replication. So, they could provide good results to have a better prognosis for endodontic treatments. This mini review provides a brief review of NPs’ mechanisms of action and recent advancements in their applications in Endodontics through their antimicrobial activities. Through the regulated release of ions, NPs break down bacterial walls, increase the permeability of the cell membrane, promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stop the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid. As a result, they have the potential to transform endodontics, achieving better outcomes and ensuring a bright future.
nanoparticles, infection, antibacterial, biofilm, endodontics, root canal
Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review of Syntheses, Properties, and their Applications in Different Fields
Organic solvents have been the focus of numerous restrictions and legislation recently because of their detrimental impact on the environment and toxicity to human health. In parallel, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as more resilient and eco-friendly solvents and have a wide range of physicochemical benefits associated with their affordability and durability. On the other hand, DESs have other major advantages such as low toxicity, high availability, low flammability, high recyclability, and low volatility from an environmental and technological standpoint, which is why DESs have become a viable substitute for conventional organic solvents over the past ten years. The number of structural combinations encompassed by DESs is tremendous; thus, it is possible to design an optimal DES for each specific enzymatic reaction system. A DES can be used as a solvent or co-solvent, an extractive reagent for an enzymatic product, or a solvent for enzymatic biomass pretreatment in (bio) catalytic processes. In this review, we have attempted to first provide a simple definition of DESs. Then, we have examined the classification of DESs, their preparation techniques, and their description.
deep eutectic solvents, green solvents, environmental impact, physicochemical advantages, traditional organic solvents, solvent / co-solvent
Biomimicry of Bone Architecture Through Collagen / Gelatin Hydrogel Based Scaffolds Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Mini Review
There is always an urgent need for proper bone tissue substitutes with a biomimetic approach. Natural hydrogel composites containing bioceramics are promising scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration as they simulate the extracellular matrices and appropriate performance. Among biopolymers, collagen can resemble the fibrillar structure of bone extracellular matrix. However, collagen extraction is costly, therefore, gelatin as a derivate of collagen can be a reasonable alternative. Regarding the poor strength of polymeric hydrogels, the company of bioceramics like bioactive glasses provided bone firmness and stable bonds with host tissues. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of collagen and gelatin hydrogels containing various types of bioactive glasses as scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
bone tissue engineering, hydrogels, collagen, gelatin, bioactive glass, scaffold
New Approach in Bioactive Materials for Regeneration Dental Application
Regenerative dentistry is an advancing discipline within the dental profession. Tissue engineering, the cornerstone of regenerative dentistry, primarily emphasizes three essential components: stem cells, bioactive compounds, and scaffolds. Stem cells produced from dental tissue are particularly important owing to their exceptional characteristics. Regenerative treatments have introduced innovative methods to several traditional treatment tactics across dental professions. Bone tissue injuries in oral and dental contexts frequently pose significant challenges, as traditional treatments may fail to restore lost or damaged bone tissue completely. Regenerative endodontic procedures, such as pulp revascularization, offer an alternative to conventional root canal treatment. Furthermore, traditional surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapies are being supplanted by enhanced methods of directed tissue regeneration facilitated by three-dimensional bioprinting and computer-aided design (CAD), which have transformed oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering.
regenerative dentistry, dental stem cells, bioactive materials, tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting
A Comprehensive Review on Breast Cancer Detection and Using Machine Learning Techniques: Methods, and Challenges Ahead
Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a major global health concern, with rising incidence rates each year. Timely identification is essential for enhancing patient outcomes, but conventional diagnostic techniques often fall short in terms of precision and effectiveness. This review explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in transforming BC detection, with a focus on advancements up to 2024. A thorough review of recent studies was conducted, emphasizing the application of machine learning in BC detection across diverse data sources, including microarray data, medical imaging such as mammography, ultrasound, (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (MRI), and histopathology, and clinical records. The analysis traces the progression from traditional machine learning methods to sophisticated deep learning frameworks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and assesses their effectiveness in real world clinical environments. Advances in AI have led to notable gains in diagnostic accuracy, with deep learning models delivering exceptional performance in experimental studies. Hybrid imaging strategies that integrate multiple imaging modalities with AI algorithms have proven particularly effective, especially in detecting abnormalities in dense breast tissue. Innovations like transfer learning and explainable AI have enhanced the adaptability and transparency of these models. Nevertheless, issues related to data quality, computational demands, and the lack of standardized protocols remain unresolved. Although AI driven detection systems exhibit considerable potential in research contexts, their broader adoption in clinical practice faces several hurdles. Future progress will depend on overcoming challenges such as data standardization, improving model interpretability, and optimizing computational efficiency. Combining AI technologies with established diagnostic practices offers a promising approach to advancing the accuracy and accessibility of BC detection.
breast cancer detection, machine learning, deep learning, computer-aided detection
Nanoparticles Reinforcing Hydrogels: A Novel Approach to Improving the Properties of Wound Healing Hydrogels
Hydrogels, which are porous three-dimensional polymers with a high capacity for water absorption, have a wide range of applications in biomedical engineering, particularly in wound healing. However, limitations such as low mechanical strength and the absence of controlled drug release hinder their effectiveness. Incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) into hydrogels presents an effective solution to enhance these properties. NPs not only serve as drug carriers, improving drug stability and enabling controlled release, but certain types, such as silver (Ag), gold, and silica NPs, also augment the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of hydrogels. Additionally, metal NPs, including Ag, copper, and zinc oxide (ZnO), contribute to reducing the risk of infection and accelerating the wound healing process through mechanisms such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inhibition of microbial proliferation. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and silica v, enhances the strength, flexibility, and durability of hydrogels in physiological environments. These advancements have positioned nanoparticle-reinforced hydrogels as a promising option in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Hydrogel Based Microfluidic Systems for High-Throughput Drug Evaluation in Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and chronic pain, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Traditional drug screening methods often fall short in mimicking the complex in vivo environment of joint tissues, leading to suboptimal evaluation of potential treatments. This study introduces microfluidic hydrogel systems specifically designed for high-throughput drug evaluation targeting osteoarthritis. By utilizing hydrogel matrices within microfluidic channels, a biomimetic platform will create that allows for precise control over the cellular microenvironment and drug delivery, facilitating the simultaneous assessment of multiple drug candidates. There is platform’s efficacy through experiments evaluating the therapeutic effects of various anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective agents on chondrocyte viability and function. Findings indicate that the microfluidic hydrogel systems not only enhance screening throughput but also provide more physiologically relevant insights into drug efficacy for osteoarthritis treatment. This innovative approach has the potential to accelerate the discovery of effective therapies and improve patient outcomes in osteoarthritis management.
microfluidic, hydrogel, drug screening, osteoarthritis
Marine Biotechnology Progress and Policy in Iran
This provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of marine biotechnology development in Iran. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of key institutions involved in biotechnology, including the Offshore Knowledge Technology and Development Headquarters, the Fisheries Organization of Iran and the Environmental Protection Organization. The review highlights the strategic roadmap for marine technologies, focusing on natural compound extraction, marine biotechnology policies, and the establishment of research infrastructure. It addresses challenges in data collection, legal frameworks, and stakeholder coordination while emphasizing the need for improved research and development infrastructure, international collaboration, and effective policy making. The review concludes with recommendations for enhancing marine biotechnology through government support, private sector involvement, and international cooperationtion, aiming to position Iran as a leader in this emerging field.
MarineBiotechnology,BiotechnologyDevelopment,MarineEnvironmental Protection,FisheriesandAquaculture,ResearchInfrastructure
New Approaches in Nano-Bioactive Materials in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis Application
The emergence of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis, offering new avenues for more efficient and targeted treatments. A novel approach in the development of nano-bioactive materials has shown promise in improving the precision and effectiveness of both cancer therapies and diagnostics techniques. These materials, which can range from nanoparticles to nanostructured biomaterials, possess unique properties such as enhanced surface area, tunable sizes, and the ability to interact with biological systems at a molecular level. In cancer therapy, nano-bioactive materials can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to cancerous cells, reducing systemic toxicity and minimizing side effects associated with conventional treatments. This targeted drug delivery is facilitated by the specific interactions between nanomaterials and the tumor microenvironment, allowing for controlled release of therapeutic agents. Additionally, the use of these materials in combination with imaging agents enables early detection and monitoring of tumor progression, enhancing diagnostic accuracy. The ability to functionalize nanoparticles with ligands that bind selectively to cancer cell markers further improves the specificity of diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments in the design of multifunctional nano Bioactive materials are also paving the way for combined therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy, all in one platform. Furthermore, these advanced materials offer the potential for real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy, providing valuable insights into tumor behavior and treatment response. As research continues, nano bioactive materials are poised to become a cornerstone in the next generation of cancer management, offering safer, more personalized, and highly effective solutions for both therapy and diagnosis.
Nanomaterials, Bioactive Agents, Cancer Therapy
New Approach: Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Nanocarriers for Treatment of Blood Cancer
In the Last years, graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have received developed consideration due to their attributes, such as small size and lightweight, fluorescence detection, liquid solvability, biomedicine, photosensors, drug delivery, gene delivery, and cancer therapy refer to new approaches. Graphene quantum dots are fluorescent graphene nanostructures with low sizes. The fluorescence in GQDs emanates through original fluorescence emissions from bond fracture energy transmission of interlace π-domains and in this material from surface deficiency. The GQDs have found applications in multiple areas, such as nanomedicine. The GQDs have less toxicity and other particular properties in comparison to materials, quantum dots that make them superior properties for medical applications. In this review, the synthesis and fluorescence properties of the GQDs are illuminated, and the latest progressing QDs, breast cancer therapy, their potential to pass control of breast cancer, and drug delivery are discussed. In this work, all studies and research are presented in the literature related cancer fighting using graphene and graphene based conjugates. Performed a comprehensive summary of the latest progress of the graphene highlighted the future challenges and the innovative possible theranostic applications.
Graphene Quantum Dots, Graphene Oxide, Blood Cancer, Biomedicine
Innovative Applications of Nanoparticles in Cancer Detection and Therapy
This paper investigates the role of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) diagnosis. and treatment from a biometric perspective. Gold nanoparticles are recognized as crucial tools in biomedicine due to their unique properties, including controllable size, chemical stability, and the ability to conjugate with various biomolecules. This study employs data from the Web of Science to conduct a bibliometric analysis of related articles, examining research trends, scientific collaborations, and practical applications of GNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The findings indicate that GNP can used as contrast agents medical imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, enabling early cancer detection through their ability to target cancer cells. Additionally, GNP scans serve as drug carriers to deliver anti-cancer drugs precisely to target cells. enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing unwanted side effects. The advantages of GNP over other nanoparticles, such as high chemical stability and lower toxicity, are also highlighted. Despite significant advancements, further research needed. to understand molecular mechanisms, evaluate long-term effects, and improve GNP production methods. The results of this study demonstrate that gold nanoparticles have a high potential for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment, thereby contributing to the betterment of patient quality of life.
Nanoparticles, Oncological Diagnostics, Biomolecular Markers
Biomedical Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Sponges of the Persian Gulf: A Systematic Review
Sponges, among the oldest animals on Earth, are well-known for their ability to produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with diverse biomedical applications. The Persian Gulf, characterized by its extreme temperatures and high salinity, is home to a rich diversity of sponge species that have been found to produce numerous secondary metabolites. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sponge species identified in the Persian Gulf and their bioactive compounds. Given the unique environmental conditions of the Persian Gulf, including its high salinity and temperature, which influence the production of bioactive compounds, this review focuses on cataloging the sponge species found in this region and their recognized bioactive compounds. A thorough search was conducted using Google Scholar to gather data on the pharmacological properties of these compounds. The findings reveal that bioactive compounds derived from The Persian Gulf sponges possess significant therapeutic and pharmaceutical potential, including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some sponge species have been identified as biomarkers and purgatives. This review highlights the critical role of environmental factors such as salinity and temperature in influencing the production and efficacy of these bioactive compounds. The biomedical potential of these compounds and their prospects for contributing to new drug discoveries are also discussed, emphasizing the significance of The Persian Gulf sponges as a source of novel biological products.
Green Approach to the Library of 1,8Naphthalimide and Phthalimides Fluorescent for the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles and Tetrazole Derivatives in [ChCl][CuCl2]2 as a Reusable, and Efficient Deep Eutectic Solvent
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), which usually consist of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, that’s why, Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which typically consist of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, have recently been widely studied as effective and useful solvents for various applications due to their tunability, biodegradability, and low cost of synthesis. We prepared [choline chloride][copper chloride]2 as a DES. This DES, which is a reusable catalyst /solvent system, was applied for the regioselective click preparation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles fluorescence probe based on the 1,8 naphthalic anhydride fluorophore and phthalic anhydride and also for preparation of tetrazoles under mild conditions. This DES can easily be recycled up to three times without significantly affecting the reaction progress. The advantages of this protocol are the absence of any additives, ligands, and harmful organic solvent, as well as the use of a dual solvent/catalyst system, which includes easy preparation, stability and reusability, and good product yield.
Triazole; Tetrazolel; Deep Eutectic Solvent; Copper(II) chloride
Natural Biopolymer (Algal and Microbial Polysaccharides) in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Damaged tissues can now be repaired with the use of tissue engineering. Materials with properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sufficient capacity must be employed to accomplish this. These properties are found in natural biopolymers, according to research. Algal and microbial polysaccharide biopolymers, such as alginate-pullulan, are examples of biopolymers. The use of alginate and pullulan biopolymers in skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, neural tissue, vascular graft, cornea and retinal, and cardiac tissue is covered in detail in this article. It also briefly touches on the uses of other biopolymers, such as dextran, xanthan gum, and carrageenan, in reconstructive engineering.
Alginate, Pullulan, Xanthan Gum, Carrageenan-Dextran
CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) Technology: A Revolutionary Tool in Genome Editing
CRISPR is a virus-defense mechanism that leverages the bacterial genome's clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) sequences. CRISPR-associated proteins like Cas9 cut both strands of DNA. Cas9 is guided by a segment of RNA known as synthetic single guide RNA (sgRNA), which can be produced as a single strand. The bacteria that produce Cas9 determine the precise DNA sequence required for the cut. Using the Cas9 nuclease and sgRNA to deliver the homologous DNA segment with the necessary sequence change enables precise genome editing. It may even enable changes as exact as a single base pair.
CRISPR-Cas9, sgRNA, Homologous, Non-homologous End Joining
Revolutionizing Medicine: The Fabrication and Therapeutic Application of Nanoshells
Nanoshells represent a groundbreaking innovation in the realm of nanomedicine, combining advanced fabrication techniques with significant therapeutic applications. These unique nanostructures typically composed of a silica core coated with a thin layer of metal, exhibit tunable optical properties that can be harnessed for precise medical interventions. Their ability to absorb and scatter light at designated wavelengths makes them exceptionally useful for imaging and targeted therapy, particularly in oncology. In recent years, researchers have made significant strides in the fabrication of nanoshells, refining methodologies to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and functionalization. This enables the development of nanoshells that can be tailored for specific drugs or biological agents, allowing for targeted delivery systems that minimize off-target effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. The inherent adaptability of nanoshells extends to their potential use in diagnostics, where they can serve as contrast agents or biosensors, providing real-time insights into disease states. This review delves into the novel fabrication approaches that have led to the evolution of nanoshell technology and explores their diverse therapeutic applications, from hyperthermia treatment and photodynamic therapy to drug delivery systems. As we illuminate the multifaceted roles of nanoshells in modern medicine, the intersection of fabrication advancements and therapeutic potential signifies a pivotal step forward in the pursuit of precision medicine.
Nanoshells, Nanomedicine, Cancer, Drug Delivery, Diagnosis
Recent Advances in Bioactive Materials for Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer is a very aggressive and poorly prognosed malignancy with a high rate of mortality and recurrence after treatment. But seasonable diagnosis of oral cancers leads to less destruction and increases the success probability of treatment plans so timely diagnosis and efficient curing of oral cancers with the least side effects have crucial roles in raising the survival rate of patients. However conventional diagnostic methods like exfoliative cytology or vital staining and treatment plans such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy don’t have enough sensitivity and efficacy or may be invasive for tissues and have very detrimental side effects. Nano-detection systems are known as new emerging noninvasive strategies that bring the detection sensitivity of biomarkers to the nano-scale. Moreover, compared to current detection methods, nanoparticles are more biocompatible, easier to synthesize, and able to target specific surface molecules. Additionally, Nanodrug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) that employ various NPs as nanocarriers have been extensively developed to enhance current OC therapies by achieving controlled drug release and targeted drug delivery. nano-DDSs can improve the therapeutic effect of drugs by enhancing drug accumulation in tumor tissues. This review investigated recent progressions in implementing nano-technology in the detection and treatment of oral cancers.
Oral Cancer, Nano-Technology, Nano-Drug Delivery System, Nanoimaging
Revolutionizing Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Nanotechnology in Treating Burn Scars
Scarring is one of the most common problems associated with burn injuries which often impacts the affected individual physically and psychologically. There are numerous factors affecting scar formation including the depth and degree of burn, secondary complications such as infection as well as patient-related factors. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of burn associated scars is of undeniable medical importance. Emerging research into nanotechnology offers promising prospects for preventive and therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the nanotechnology applications in skin pharmaceutics for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches regarding burn-associated scars. However, it is important to enhance our understanding of nanotechnology's role in this field through more focused research.
Scars, Healing, Burn, Nano-Drugs, Nano-Dressing
Slow Breathing and Vagal Activity: Their Role in Stress, Sleep, and Cognitive Health – A Systematic Review
Slow breathing is recognized as one of the techniques for autonomic nervous system regulation, attracting significant attention from researchers for its effects on vagal activity and related outcomes in stress, sleep, and cognitive performance. This paper reviews the existing scientific evidence from two key sources: a dissertation on the impact of slow breathing on vagal activity and a scientific article on the relationship between vagus nerve function, inflammation, and cardiovascular performance. The dissertation highlights that slow breathing, by enhancing vagal activity, can improve heart rate regulation and alleviate psychological stress. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that this technique can promote sleep quality and strengthen cognitive functions, particularly working memory and cognitive flexibility. The scientific article examines the role of vagal activity in reducing inflammation and improving autonomic regulation, showing that decreased inflammatory tensions and enhanced body homeostasis can be associated with increased vagal activity. The findings of this review suggest that slow breathing, through its influence on vagal activity, is not only effective for stress management but also serves as a non-invasive intervention for improving sleep quality and cognitive performance. Furthermore, the strong connection between vagal activity and inflammation reduction underscores the significance of this technique for enhancing autonomic body regulation. These findings underscore the need for further research to better understand the precise mechanisms and long-term efficacy of slow breathing. The present review identifies research gaps and highlights the importance of additional studies in this field.
Slow Breathing, Vagal Activity, Stress, Sleep Quality, Cognitive Performance, Inflammation, Autonomic Regulation
Green and Scalable Synthesis of Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: A Mini Review
The green and scalable synthesis of quantum dots (QDs) has garnered significant attention for its environmental and biomedical applications. Quantum dots, nanoscale semiconductor structures, exhibit unique optical and electronic properties driven by quantum confinement effects. These properties enable their application in diverse fields, including bioimaging, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy. Green synthesis methods, such as hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and carbonization techniques, offer eco-friendly alternatives by utilizing non-toxic precursors and renewable materials. Such methods not only enhance biocompatibility but also address toxicity concerns associated with conventional QD production. Advances in QD synthesis have resulted in innovative biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery systems like doxorubicin-loaded carbon dots for cancer therapy, as well as versatile biosensors for real-time analyte detection. This review highlights the potential of green synthesized QDs to revolutionize biomedicine while contributing to sustainable and scalable nanomaterial production.
Green synthesis, Quantum dots, Biomedical applications, Sustainable nanotechnology, Targeted drug delivery