Effects of Cypermethrin on Growth, Biochemical and Reproductive Parameters in Female Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica)

Abstract

The present study was highlighted to evaluate the effects of cypermethrin on growth and reproductive parameters on female Japanese quails. Seventy-two female Japanese quails aged 5 weeks, were divided into four groups of 18 birds each and subjected to the following treatments; treatment 0 (T0) received no concentration of cypermethrin in its feed; treatment 1 (T1) received 130mg of cypermethrin/kg of feed; treatment 2 (T2) received 285 mg of cypermethrin/kg of feed; treatment 3 (T3) received 655 mg of cypermethrin/kg of feed. The results revealed that exposure to cypermethrin caused a decrease in the body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. This insecticide caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the weight of the kidney and the liver of treated groups compared to the control treatment. Cypermethrin 36% also significantly (P<0.05) increased the level AST, ALT, and creatinine of the treated groups compared to the control group. Reproductive parameters revealed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the hatching rate of treatment 3 (T3) compared to the control. In addition, the level of serum estradiol significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the control group, this decrease was in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analyses revealed hepatic necrosis, cellular infiltration, and vascular congestion in the liver of the treated groups. Meanwhile in the kidney histopathological examination revealed glomerulonephritis, leucocytic infiltration, and mesangial expansion. Indeed, cypermethrin has an adverse effect on body weight gain, caused hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity as well as reproductive toxicity in female quails.