Adverse Effects of some of the Most Widely used Metal Nanoparticles on the Reproductive System

Abstract

Nanotechnology, which allows the manipulation of molecular dimensions, is used in many aspects of human life, from industrial to medical and therapeutic aspects. Features of nanoparticles and their unique capabilities have attracted a lot of attention. Among nanotechnology structures, metal nanoparticles have been widely used in many aspects of industry and medicine. The unique properties of these nanoparticles make possible to produce and expand them on a large scale, thus making the possibility of exposure to these nanoparticles more likely. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles like a double-edged sword despite its many benefits, it also has a number of disadvantages. One of the most important of these disadvantages is their toxicity. This toxicity may have adverse effects on the environment and humans. One of the most important adverse effects of nanoparticles is adverse effects on the reproductive system. In this paper, the adverse effects of some of the most widely used metal nanoparticles on the reproductive system are described. These adverse effects can be on: sexual behaviors, sexual organs, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm shape, sperm maturity, ovarian and follicle maturation, their fertility rate and also the level of sex hormones in men and women. The adverse effects of these nanoparticles and their toxicity on a variety of tissues and organs lead us to use safer nanoparticles.