The Impacts of Noise Pollution on Sperm Quality and The Suggestive Mechanisms

Abstract

Chronic exposure to environmental noise is increasingly recognized as a significant stressor with potential detrimental effects 
on male reproductive health. Noise-induced stress can impact sperm quality through various mechanisms, including oxidative 
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endocrine disruption, genetic and epigenetic damage, and inflammation. These factors can lead 
to impaired sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and viability, thereby affecting male fertility. Emerging evidence suggests 
that noise exposure may also influence the success of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), 
by reducing fertilization rates and embryo development. This review integrates current findings and highlights research gaps, 
emphasizing the need for comprehensive studies on the interaction between noise and other environmental stressors.