The Role of Biochar in Soil Remediation and Carbon Sequestration

Abstract

Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass, has garnered significant attention for its dual role in soil remediation and carbon sequestration. This article explores the mechanisms by which biochar improves soil health, remediates contaminated soils, and contributes to long-term carbon storage. Recent studies highlight biochar's ability to enhance soil fertility, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and immobilize heavy metals and organic pollutants. The chemical properties of biochar, including its high surface area, porosity, and cation exchange capacity, are critical to its effectiveness. This article also discusses the potential of biochar to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in soils for centuries. Challenges related to production, application, and long-term impacts require further research.