Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Pregnancy

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an urgent problem of modern medicine, affecting up to 30% of the adult population. Of particular concern is the increased incidence among pregnant women, reaching 10-15%, which is due to changes in dietary habits, decreased physical activity, increased incidence of obesity, and the age of pregnant women. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a number of adverse obstetric outcomes including gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and preterm labor. To analyze the current scientific data on the impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. A systematic analysis of publications from 2014-2024 in Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and PubMed databases was performed. The review included 6 full-text studies that met the selection criteria: randomized and cohort studies. Limited-format materials, single-case descriptions, and abstracts were excluded. According to the analyzed data, pregnant women with fatty liver disease show a higher risk of obstetric complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, and preterm delivery. There is also a higher incidence of fetal growth retardation, fetoplacental insufficiency, and operative delivery in women with fatty liver disease than in the general population.