Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a Variant of Metabolic Syndrome- A Review Article

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 6–12% of women of reproductive age 
worldwide. It is primarily characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstruation, and ovarian cysts. Recent studies, 
however, propose that PCOS extends beyond a reproductive condition and shares significant overlaps with metabolic 
syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors, including insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and 
dyslipidemia, which collectively elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other related complications. 
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, is present in approximately 70% of women with PCOS. Elevated 
insulin levels foster fat accumulation, particularly around the abdomen, leading to visceral fat deposition. Dyslipidemia, 
another common metabolic disturbance in PCOS, involves high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) 
cholesterol, further linking the condition to metabolic syndrome. Hormonal imbalances in PCOS, particularly increased 
androgen levels, intensify these metabolic disruptions, contributing to symptoms such as acne, weight gain, and hirsutism. 
The overlap between PCOS and metabolic syndrome underscores the need for comprehensive management strategies 
addressing both reproductive and metabolic health. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a balanced diet and regular physical 
activity, are essential for improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating cardiovascular risks. Pharmacological interventions, 
like metformin to combat insulin resistance, and anti-androgen medications to manage hormonal symptoms, may 
complement lifestyle modifications. By recognizing the metabolic dimensions of PCOS, healthcare professionals can 
develop targeted, personalized treatment plans that improve reproductive health while reducing the risk of chronic conditions 
such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and infertility. A holistic approach to managing PCOS can enhance patient outcomes, 
ensuring better long-term health and quality of life for affected women.