The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Human Health

Abstract

This comprehensive review examines the significant health effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, highlighting its impact on skin and eye health, immune function, and reproductive health. Prolonged exposure to UV rays is a well-established risk factor for various forms of skin cancer, including melanoma and non-melanoma types, as well as conditions such as cataracts and photokeratitis. The mechanisms through which UV radiation exerts these harmful effects include DNA damage, oxidative stress, and immune suppression, underscoring the need for protective measures. The UV Index is introduced as a vital tool for assessing UV intensity and informing individuals about the risks associated with sun exposure. By implementing effective sun safety strategies, such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade, individuals can significantly mitigate their risk of UV-related health issues. As the understanding of UV radiation's health effects continues to evolve, public awareness and education remain crucial in promoting long-term skin and eye health, as well as overall well-being. This review emphasizes the importance of proactive measures in protecting against the growing risks associated with increased UV exposure in today’s environment.